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INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES 30TH SESSION Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 30th Session Anniversary Celebrations: The Pontifical Academy of Sciences 400th - The 'Ettore Majorana' Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture 40th - H.H. John Paul II Apostolate 25th - Climate/Global Warming: The Cosmic Ray Effect; Effects on Species and Biodiversity; Human Effects; Paleoclimate Implications; Evidence for Global Warming - Pollution: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals; Hazardous Material; Legacy Wastes and Radioactive Waste Management in USA, Europe, Southeast Asia and Japan - The Cultural Planetary Emergency: Role of the Media; Intolerance; Terrorism; Iraqi Perspective; Open Forum Debate - AIDS and Infectious Diseases: Ethics in Medicine; AIDS Vaccine Strategies - Water: Water Conflicts in the Middle East - Energy: Developing Countries; Mitigation of Greenhouse Warming - Permanent Monitoring Panels Reports - Workshops: Long-Term Stewardship of Hazardous Material; AIDS Vaccine Strategies and Ethics "E. Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy, 18 - 26 August 2003 CONTENTS FRONT MATTER i 1. CELEBRATIONS THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MARCELO SÁNCHEZ SORONDO 3 IMPROVING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE: THE FIRST HUNDRED YEARS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 1660 - 1760 ALAN COOK 15 THE ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES AND FRENCH CENTRALISATION GUY OURISSON 21 THE 40th ANNIVERSARY OF THE ‘ETTORE MAJORANA’ FOUNDATION AND CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC CULTURE ANTONINO ZICHICHI 28 THE ACADEMIA EUROPAEA ARNOLD BURGEN 41 2. CLIMATE: GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE COSMIC RAY CONNECTION NIR J. SHAVIV 47 CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON SPECIES AND BIODIVERSITY A. TOWNSEND PETERSON 59 NEW FINGERPRINTS OF HUMAN EFFECTS ON CLIMATE B.D. SANTER and T.M.L. WIGLEY 69 PALEOCLIMATE IMPLICATIONS FOR RECENT HUMAN INFLUENCE ON CLIMATE MICHAEL E. MANN 86 EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL WARMING DAVID PARKER and CHRIS FOLLAND 92 3. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS THE EMERGING SCIENCE OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION J.P. MYERS, L.J. GUILLETTE, JR., P. PALANZA, S. PARMIGIANI, S.H. SWAN and F.S. VOM SAAL 105 4. POLLUTION: LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTAINMENT OF LEGACY WASTES DURING STEWARDSHIP JAMES H. CLARKE, LORNE G. EVERETT and STEPHEN J. KOWALL 125 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COMMUNICATION IN THE LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF U.S. NUCLEAR WASTE SITES WILLIAM R. FREUDENBURG 130 A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE ON STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT ALLAN G. DUNCAN 135 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BALAMURUGAN GURUSAMY 140 RESPONDING TO FERMI’S WARNING: JAPANESE APPROACH TO DEALING WITH RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROBLEMS TOMIO KAWATA 150 THE U.S. APPROACH TO THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF LEGACY WASTE MANAGEMENT STEPHEN J. KOWALL 157 5. THE CULTURAL PLANETARY EMERGENCY: FOLE OF THE MEDIA SPIN IN WAR AND PEACE MICHAEL STUERMER 163 6. THE CULTURAL PLANETARY EMERGENCY CULTURAL INTOLERANCE AHMAD KAMAL 169 THE IMPACT OF THE PLANETARY EMERGENCIES ON WORLDWIDE PRODUCTIVITY AND COOPERATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY ANTONIO MARZANO 174 WAR ON TERRORISM: A SEARCH FOR FOCUS VICTOR KREMENYUK 180 IRAQ AFTER SADDAM: AN IRAQI PERSPECTIVE HUSSAIN AL-SHAHRISTANI 184 7. AIDS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES: ETHICS IN MEDICINE HEALTH AND SECURITY SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS): TAKING A NEW THREAT SERIOUSLY DIEGO BURIOT 191 PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISTS IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE UDO SCHÜKLENK 196 ETHICS, JUSTICE AND STATISTICS J. L. HUTTON 212 IS ACCESS TO HIV/AIDS TREATMENT A HUMAN RIGHT? LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE IVAN FRANÇA, JUNIOR 218 8. AIDS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES: AIDS VACCINE STRATEGIES SYSTEMIC AND MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY HIV-1 DNA AND HIV-PEPTIDE OR VLP BOOSTER IMMUNIZATION JORMA HINKULA, CLAUDIA DEVITO, BARTEK ZUBER, FRANCO M. BUONAGURO, REINHOLD BENTHIN, BRITTA WAHREN and ULF SCHRÖDER 229 PRE-CLINICAL PRIMATE VACCINE STUDIES RIGMOR THORSTENSSON 243 PREPARING FOR PHASE I/II HIV VACCINE TRIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND PLANNING FOR PHASE III TRIALS EFTYHIA VARDAS 247 9. WATER CONFLICTS THE POLITICS OF WATER FARHANG MEHR 255 THE UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES FOR AGRICULTURE IN SYRIA: ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES M. SALMAN and W. MUALLA 263 THE LOWER JORDAN RIVER URI SHAVIT, RAN HOLTZMAN, MICHAL SEGAL, ITTAI GAVRIELI, EFRAT FARBER and AVNER VENGOSH 275 CHALLENGES TO WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST MUNTHER J. HADDADIN 289 SEAWATER INTRUSION INTO THE GAZA COASTAL AQUIFER AS AN EXAMPLE FOR WATER AND ENVIRONMENT INTER-LINKED ACTIONS S. SOREK, V. BORISOV, A. YAKIREVICH, A. MELLOUL and S. SHAATH 299 11. THE CULTURAL PLANETARY EMERGENCY FOCUS ON TERRORISM: MOTIVATIONS REPORT OF THE OPEN FORUM DEBATE ON TERRORISM AHMAD KAMAL 313 12. ENERGY ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES — IS IT A SPECIAL CASE? HISHAM KHATIB 317 SOME PERSPECTIVES ON THE PROSPECTS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD AND ASIA BOB VAN DER ZWAAN 326 APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE WARMING: Report on the St. Michaels Workshop, April 13-15, 2003 NORMAN J. ROSENBERG, R. CESAR IZAURRALDE and F. BLAINE METTING 335 13. PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL MEETINGS AND REPORTS MOTHER AND CHILD PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL NATHALIE CHARPAK 349 LIMITS OF DEVELOPMENT PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL REPORT HILTMAR SCHUBERT, JUAN MANUEL BORTHAGARAY, GERALDO G. SERRA, K. C. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, ALBERTO GONZALES-POZO, JIN FENGJUN and CHRISTOPHER D. ELLIS 351 URBAN MOBILITY IN THE MEXICAN METROPOLIS ALBERTO GONZÁLEZ POZO 359 MOBILITY IN MEGACITIES: INDIAN SCENARIO K. C. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN 374 WORLD FEDERATION OF SCIENTISTS PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL ON INFORMATION SECURITY HENNING WEGENER 383 Toward a Universal Order of Cyberspace: Managing Threats from Cybercrime to Cyberwar Report & Recommendations Henning Wegener, William A. Barletta, Olivia Bosch, Dmitry Chereshkin, Ahmad Kamal, Andrey Krutskikh, Axel H.R. Lehmann, Timothy L. Thomas, Vitali Tsygichko and Jody R. Westby 385 RECENT ACTIVITIES OF PMPs FLOODS AND UNEXPECTED METOROLOGICAL EVENTS, WATER, AND CLIMATE ROBERT CLARK 436 POLLUTION PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL – 2003 REPORT RICHARD C. RAGAINI 439 REPORT OF THE ENERGY PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL RICHARD WILSON 443 SYRIA’S RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTER PLAN: A MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNMENT JOSEPH CHAHOUD 456 STATUS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY A. GAGARINSKI 471 ENERGY DEMAND GROWTH IN CHINA: THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS MARK D. LEVINE 477 RISK ANALYSIS PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL Terence Taylor 488 THE PILLARS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: TRADITIONS CHALLENGED ANDREY A. PIONTKOVSKY 490 SAFETY AS A RESULT OF PROVIDING INFORMATION VLADIMIR BRITKOV 495 ANTICIPATORY DEFENSE: ITS FUNDAMENTAL LOGIC AND IMPLICATIONS REINER K. HUBER 498 REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE DESERTIFICATION PMP ANDREW WARREN 512 REPORT OF PMP ON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS STEFANO PARMIGIANI 516 14. LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL WORKSHOP MONITORING AND STEWARDSHIP OF LEGACY NUCLEAR AND HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES WORKSHOP STEPHEN J. KOWALL and LORNE G. EVERETT 519 ACHIEVING STEWARDSHIP AND CONTRIBUTING TO A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY THROUGH STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT ELIZABETH K. HOCKING 522 RADIOACTIVE WASTE OF DEFENSE ACTIVITIES IN THE 20TH CENTURY — HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT A.I. RYBALCHENKO 526 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO ADDRESS THE RADIOACTIVE LEGACY IN STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION DAVID K. SMITH, RICHARD B. KNAPP, NINA D. ROSENBERG and ANDREW F.B. TOMPSON 534 CONTAMINATION AND VULNERABILITY OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN RUSSIA IGOR S. ZEKTSER 545 15. AIDS VACCINE STRATEGIES AND ETHICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES WORKSHOP JOINT WORKING GROUP REPORT OF AIDS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES PMP AND MOTHER AND CHILD HEALTH PMP GUY DE THE and NATHALIE CHARPAK 551 BACK MATTER 557 Back

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