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CHAPTERS IN THE EVOLUTION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY


CONTENTS

FRONT MATTER
Leslie S. Ettre
i
Introduction: One Hundred Years of Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
1
Part One: THE PRECURSORS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography in the Ancient World
Leslie S. Ettre
9
Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: "Self-Grown Pictures" as Precursors of Paper Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
15
Early Petroleum Chromatographers
Leslie S. Ettre
31
Part Two: M. S. TSWETT AND THE DISCOVERY OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
M. S. Tswett, and the Invention of Chromatography: Part I: Life and Early Work (1872–1903)
Leslie S. Ettre
49
M. S. Tswett and the Invention of Chromatography: Part II: Completion of the Development (1903–1910)
Leslie S. Ettre
60
M. S. Tswett and the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Leslie S. Ettre
76
Part Three: THE FIRST PIONEERS IN THE USE OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
Gottfried Kränzlin, the First Follower of Tswett
Leslie S. Ettre
89
Charles Dhéré — Pioneer and Tswett Biographer
Leslie S. Ettre
99
L. S. Palmer and the Beginnings of Chromatography in the United States
Leslie S. Ettre
116
Katharine Hope Coward: A Pioneering User of Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
130
Theodor Lippmaa, A Forgotten Chromatographer
Leslie S. Ettre
143
Part Four: THE REBIRTH OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
The Rebirth of Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
155
The Rapid Spreading of the Technique
Leslie S. Ettre
167
Part Five: THE EVOLUTION OF THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
The Development of Partition Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
187
Paper Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
198
The Evolution of Thin-Layer Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
208
Part Six: ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Preparative Ion-Exchange Chromatography and the Manhattan Project
Leslie S. Ettre
223
The Development of the Amino Acid Analyzer
Leslie S. Ettre
242
Part Seven: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Early Development of Gas Adsorption Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
259
The Janák-Type Gas Chromatographs of the 1950s
Leslie S. Ettre
277
The Beginning of GC Instrumentation
Leslie S. Ettre
291
The Invention, Development, and Triumph of the Flame-Ionization Detector
Leslie S. Ettre
303
The Development of the Electron-Capture Detector
Leslie S. Ettre
321
Evolution of Open-Tubular (Capillary) Columns for Gas Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
337
The Beginnings of Headspace Analysis
Leslie S. Ettre
354
Part Eight: MODERN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
The Evolution of Modern Liquid Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
371
The Development of the First High-Pressure Liquid Chromatograph at Yale University
Leslie S. Ettre
380
The Development of GPC and the First Commercial HPLC Instruments
Leslie S. Ettre
391
Part Nine: THE MOST IMPORTANT CHROMATOGRAPHY MEETINGS
Two Early Chromatography Symposia
Leslie S. Ettre
407
Early European Symposia Showing the Direction for the Evolution of Gas Chromatography
Leslie S. Ettre
418
Early GC Symposia in the United States
Leslie S. Ettre
436
Two Symposia, When HPLC was Young
Leslie S. Ettre
454
BACK MATTER
Leslie S. Ettre
467
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